top of page
- Cristiano Fidani -
Operative since 2006, the Central Italy Electromagnetic Network has contributed to the evidence of some phenomena that occur with strong earthquakes and has suggested some hypotheses. The investigation of the low frequency electric and magnetic fields took advantage of the easy availability of analog and digital electronic waste materials, and thanks to
the trust of many friends.
SCIENCE
CHARGED CLOUDS
The spherical charge distribution is investigated for the electric oscillations and some EQLs. In this physical model, the pressure is balanced by the electrical force which is an oscillating system.
VAB DISTURBANCES
The causality of the process, the probability of earthquake forecasting, and false alarms are calculated by means of the correlation between electron losses and strong earthquakes.
DISTRIBUTED CURRENTS
A system of earth distributed currents in real geological structures describes the measured magnetic intensities.
INSTRUMENTATION
Detector limits are defined and self-built detectors have been validated.
Key publications
EQL
Galli I., Raccolta e classificazione dei fenomeni luminosi osservati nei terremoti, Boll. della Soc.
Italiana 14, 221, 1910
Terada T., On luminous phenomena accompanying earthquakes, Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Univ.
Tokyo 9, 225-255, 1931
Derr J.S., Earthquake lights: a review of observations and present theories, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am.
63 (6), 2177, 1973
Theriault R., St-Laurent F., Freund F., Derr J.S., Prevalence of Earthquake Lights Associated with
Rift Environments, Seismological Research Letters 85(1), 159-178, 2014
Animal Behavior
Taramelli T., Mercalli G., Il terremoto ligure del febbraio 1887. In Annali dell’ufficio centrale di
meteorologia e geodinamica, Tipografia Metastasio: Roma, Italy, Vol 8, 1888
Tributsch H., When the Snakes Awake: Animals and Earthquake Prediction, MIT Press:
Cambridge, MA, USA, 1982
Ikeya M., Earthquakes and animals, from folk legends to science, World Scientific Publishing,
Singapore, 2004
Wang K., Chen Q.F., Sun S., Wang A., Predicting the 1975 Haicheng Earthquake, Bull. Seismol.
Soc. Am. 96, 757–795, 2006
Grant R.A., Halliday T., Predicting the unpredictable: Evidence of pre-seismic anticipatory
behaviour in the common toad, J. Zool. 281, 263–271, 2010
Ionospheric changes
Davies, K., Baker, D.M., Ionospheric effects observed around the time of the Alaskan earthquake
of March 28. J. Geophys. Res. 70, 2251–2253, 1965
Calais E., Minster J.B., GPS detection of ionospheric perturbations following the January 17, 1994,
Northridge Earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 9, 1045-1048, 1995
Pulinets S.A., Seismic activity as a source of the ionospheric variability, Adv. Space Res. 22, 6,
903, 1998
Pulinets S.A., Ouzounov D., Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) model – An
unified concept for earthquake precursors validation, J. of Asian Earth Sci. 41, 371–382, 2011
Telluric Currents
Serpieri A., Nuove osservazioni sul terremoto avvenuto in Italia il 12 marzo 1873 e riflessioni sul
presentimento degli animali per i terremoti, Rendiconti del R. Istituto lombardo, 6, 25–33, 1873
Eomoto Y., Hashimoto H., Emission of charged particles form indentation fracture of rocks,
Nature 346, 641-643, 1990
Bernard P., Plausiblity of long distance electrotelluric precursors of earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res.
97, 17,531-17,546, 1992
Freund F., Time-resolved study of charge generation and propagation in igneous rocks, J.
Geophys. Res.105, 11,001-11,019, 2000
Electric observations
Varotsos P., Alexopoulos K., Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the earth
preceding earthquakes, I and II, Tectonophysics 110, 73-125, 1984
Grimalsky V.V., Hayakawa M., Ivchenko V.N., Rapoport YG., Zadorozhnni V.I., Penetration of an
electrostatic field from the lithosphere into the ionosphere and its effect on the D-region before
earthquakes. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 65, 391-407, 2003
Kamogawa M., Liu J.-Y., Fujiwara H., Chuo Y.-J., Tsai Y.-B., Hattori K., Nagao T., Uyeda S., Ohtsuki
Y.-H., Atmospheric Field Variations before the March 31, 2002 M6.8 Earthquake in Taiwan, TAO 15,
3, 397-412, 2004
Fan Y., Du X., An Z., Liu J., Tan D., Chen J., Earthquake-related Electric Field Changes Observed in
the Ionosphere and Ground, Acta Geophysica 63, 3, 2015
Magnetic observations
Johnston M.J.S., Review of electric and magnetic fields accompanying seismic and volcanic
activity, Survey Geophysic 18, 441–475, 1997
Uyeda S., Nagao T., Kamogawa M., Short-term earthquake prediction: Current status of
seismo-electromagnetics, Tectonophysics 470, 205-213, 2009
Scoville J., Heraud J., Freund F., Pre-earthquake magnetic pulses, NHESS 15,1873-1880, 2015
Kappler K.N., Schneider D.D., MacLean L.S., Bleier T.E., Lemon J.J., An algorithmic framework for
investigating the temporal relationship of magnetic field pulses and earthquakes applied to
California, Computers & Geosciences 133, 104317, 2019
Propagation observations
Molchanov O.A., Hayakawa M., Subionospheric VLF signal perturbations possibly related to
earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 17,489–17,504, 1998
Clilverd M.A., Rodger R.J., Thomson N.R., Investigating seismoionospheric effects on a long
subionospheric path, J. Geophy. Res. 104, A12, 28171, 1999
Biagi P.F., Ermini A., Kingsley S.P., Disturbances in LF radio signals and the Umbria-Marche seismic
sequence in 1997-1998, Phys. Chem. Earth (C) 26, 10-12, 755, 2001
Moriya T., Mogi T., Takada M., Anomalous pre-seismic transmission of VHF-band radio waves
resulting from large earthquakes, and its statistical relationship to magnitude of impending
earthquakes, G. J. Int. 180, 2, 858–870, 2010
Satellite observations
Parrot M., Statistical study of ELF/VLF emissions recorded by a low-altitude satellite during seismic
events, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 23,339–23,347, 1994
Tramutoli V., Robust AVHRR Techniques (RAT) for Environmental Monitoring theory and
applications, Earth Surf Remote Sens â…¡ 3496, 101-113, 1998
NÄ›mec F., Santolík O., Parrot M., Decrease of intensity of ELF/VLF waves observed in the upper
ionosphere close to earthquakes: A statistical study, J. Geophys. Res. 114, A04303, 2009
Zhang X., Shen X., Parrot M., Zeren Z., Ouyang X., Liu J., Qian J., Zhao S., Miao Y., Phenomena of
electrostatic perturbations before strong earthquakes (2005–2010) observed on DEMETER,
NHESS 12, 75-83, 2012
CIEN Contributions:
bottom of page